VIMS Health Science Journal (VIMSHSJ) is an official scientific publication of Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation Ahilyanagar, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the upcoming peer-reviewed, open-access journal in the field, providing comprehensive coverage of medical, dental, physiotherapy, nursing & pharmacy high-quality research.
Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College & Hospital
Clinical Profile, Etiological Spectrum, and Outcomes of Acute Febrile Illness Among Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital
Introduction: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is one of the most common causes of pediatric hospital admissions in developing countries. Overlapping clinical features often make early diagnosis difficult, leading to increased risk of complications and mortality if not managed promptly. Objectives: To study the clinical profile of acute febrile illness among hospitalized children, determine the etiological spectrum and laboratory findings, and assess treatment outcomes and complications associated with AFI. Methodology: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among 130 children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with fever of less than 14 days duration in a tertiary care hospital. Detailed clinical history, examination, and relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Results: The majority of children belonged to the 1–5 years age group (41.5%) with male predominance (56.9%). Fever was present in all cases, while cough/cold (52.3%), vomiting (33.8%), and loose stools (21.5%) were common associated symptoms. Thrombocytopenia showed significant association with dengue fever (p <0.001). Complications were significantly higher among children with fever duration greater than five days (p = 0.001). Most children recovered successfully, while mortality was observed in 1.5% cases. Conclusion: Acute febrile illness remains a major cause of pediatric hospitalization with diverse etiologies and overlapping presentations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Sunil Natha Mhaske, Dr Abhijit Shinde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Rare Case of Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency Presenting as Pancytopenia and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in a Young Adult: A Case Report
Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly presents with megaloblastic anemia and neurological symptoms; however, severe pancytopenia with neuropsychiatric manifestations in young adults is relatively uncommon and may mimic hematological malignancies or bone marrow failure syndromes. Case Presentation A 28-year-old male presented with progressive generalized weakness, exertional breathlessness, tingling and numbness of both lower limbs, memory disturbances, and loss of appetite for three months. Clinical examination revealed pallor, mild icterus, impaired vibration sense, and gait instability. Laboratory investigations demonstrated severe pancytopenia with hemoglobin 5.8 g/dL, total leukocyte count 2,100/mm3, platelet count 72,000/mm3, and macrocytosis with mean corpuscular volume of 118 fL. Peripheral smear showed macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils. Serum vitamin B12 level was markedly reduced (78 pg/mL). Bone marrow examination revealed megaloblastic erythropoiesis. The patient was treated with parenteral vitamin B12 therapy, folic acid supplementation, and supportive care. Significant hematological and neurological improvement was observed within six weeks. Conclusion Vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia and neuropsychiatric manifestations, particularly in young adults. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can result in complete clinical recovery and prevent irreversible neurological damage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Amey Rajendra Mali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Antimicrobial Resistance in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the middle ear characterized by persistent or recurrent ear discharge through a perforated tympanic membrane. It remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries, and is associated with significant morbidity including hearing loss, speech impairment, poor scholastic performance, and intracranial complications. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens causing CSOM has become an important therapeutic challenge worldwide. Common causative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus increasingly demonstrate multidrug resistance due to irrational antibiotic use, incomplete treatment, biofilm formation, and widespread empirical therapy. Biofilm-associated infections contribute significantly to chronicity and treatment failure. Increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides has limited the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Culture-guided antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial stewardship are therefore essential for effective management. Recent advances including anti-biofilm agents, bacteriophage therapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems show promising future potential. This review discusses the epidemiology, microbiology, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, diagnostic approaches, current treatment modalities, and emerging therapeutic strategies for antimicrobial-resistant CSOM.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Deepak Gupta, Dr Gajanan Kashid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Antifungal Resistance in Dermatophytosis: An Emerging Concern in IndiaIndurkar VA1
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection involving keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails, mainly caused by species of Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. India has recently experienced an epidemic-like rise in chronic, recurrent, and treatment-resistant dermatophytosis. Contributing factors include hot and humid climate, overcrowding, poor hygiene, excessive sweating, and irrational use of topical corticosteroid-containing creams. The emergence of terbinafine-resistant strains, particularly Trichophyton indotineae, has significantly complicated disease management and altered the epidemiology of dermatophytosis. This review summarizes the epidemiology, etiological agents, mechanisms of antifungal resistance, diagnostic challenges, and current management strategies of resistant dermatophytosis in India. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases for English-language articles published between 2015 and 2026. Mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene are considered the major mechanism responsible for terbinafine resistance. Additional factors such as self-medication, poor treatment adherence, reinfection, and inadequate hygiene practices further contribute to resistance and recurrence. Resistant dermatophytosis is associated with chronic disease, psychosocial stress, and increased economic burden. Early diagnosis, rational antifungal therapy, patient education, avoidance of steroid misuse, and implementation of antifungal stewardship programs are essential for effective disease control and prevention of further resistance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Vishal Ashok Indurkar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Among General Population
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major global public health challenge mainly due to irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Public knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use play an important role in controlling antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance among the general population and to determine the association between socio-demographic factors and knowledge regarding AMR. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 adults residing in the urban field practice area of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Participants aged 18 years and above were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, and Chi-square test was applied for assessment of associations. Results: Among 160 participants, 45.0% had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. About 43.1% participants were aware of AMR, while 38.1% practiced self-medication with antibiotics. Educational status showed significant association with knowledge regarding AMR (p=0.021). Self-medication practices were significantly higher among males (p=0.014). Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness and positive attitude toward antibiotic use, inappropriate antibiotic practices were common among the study population. Community awareness programs and strict regulation of antibiotic sales are essential to combat antimicrobial resistance
Copyright (c) 2026 Anoop Laxminarayan Hajare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence and Determinants of Tobacco Use among Adult Patients Attending Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care hospital
Background: Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hospital outpatient departments represent important contact points for identifying and counselling tobacco users. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and identify its socio-demographic determinants among adult patients attending the general OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months among 150 adult OPD attendees selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco use patterns, and quit attempts. Results: The prevalence of current tobacco use was 36%. Among users, 44.4% used smoked forms, 38.9% used smokeless forms, and 16.7% reported dual use. Daily consumption was observed in 75.9% of users. Tobacco use was significantly higher among males (52.2%) compared to females (11.7%). Lower educational status and manual labor occupation were significantly associated with tobacco use. On multivariable analysis, male gender, lower education, and manual labor occupation remained independent predictors. Only 35.2% of users had attempted quitting in the past year. Conclusion: Tobacco use remains common among OPD attendees and is strongly influenced by gender and socioeconomic factors. Routine screening and integration of structured cessation services into outpatient care are urgently needed to reduce tobacco-related health burden.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Wasnik Sumit Ghansham, Dr Tarawade Aboli, Dr More Satish, Dr Avachat Shubhada Sunil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Post-Operative Wound Complications Following Elective Abdominal Surgeries: A Hospital-Based Study
Background: Post-operative wound complications significantly contribute to surgical morbidity following abdominal procedures. This study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of wound complications following elective abdominal surgeries. Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted over 6 months including 80 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgeries. Data regarding demographic profile, comorbidities, wound classification, operative duration, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The overall incidence of post-operative wound complications was 17.5% (14/80). Surgical site infection was the most common complication (64.3%), followed by seroma (21.4%). Diabetes mellitus (p=0.02), obesity (p=0.04), anemia (p=0.03), operative duration >2 hours (p=0.01), and clean-contaminated wound class (p=0.02) were significantly associated with complications. Patients with wound complications had significantly prolonged hospital stay (11.2 ± 3.4 days vs 6.1 ± 2.2 days; p<0.001). Secondary suturing was required in 21.4% of complicated cases. Conclusion: Post-operative wound complications remain common after elective abdominal surgeries and are significantly associated with modifiable risk factors. Early identification and optimization of high-risk patients can reduce morbidity and healthcare burden.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Sanjay Paul Patil, Dr Atul Ashok Khalkar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Giant Incarcerated Inguinoscrotal Hernia with Small Bowel Obstruction in an Elderly Male Successfully Managed by Emergency Hernioplasty: A Case Report
Background Giant inguinoscrotal hernia is a rare form of inguinal hernia extending below the midpoint of the inner thigh in standing position. These hernias are uncommon in modern surgical practice because of improved access to elective surgical care; however, neglected cases may present with serious complications such as incarceration, intestinal obstruction, strangulation, urinary problems, and impaired mobility. Surgical management remains challenging because of distorted anatomy, dense adhesions, and loss of abdominal domain. Case Presentation We report a case of a 68-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, distension, vomiting, constipation, and painful right inguinoscrotal swelling of 15 years duration. Examination revealed a giant irreducible right inguinoscrotal hernia extending below the midpoint of the thigh with features of intestinal obstruction. Imaging studies, including contrast-enhanced computed tomography, demonstrated ileal loops, cecum, appendix, and omentum within the hernia sac causing small bowel obstruction without gangrene or perforation. The patient was managed with preoperative resuscitation followed by emergency surgery through a right inguinal approach. Intraoperatively, dense adhesions and viable bowel loops were noted. Adhesiolysis and reduction of contents were performed successfully, followed by Lichtenstein tension-free mesh hernioplasty. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and no recurrence or respiratory complications were observed during follow-up. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate preoperative optimization, and meticulous surgical management in achieving favorable outcomes in giant incarcerated inguinoscrotal hernias complicated by intestinal obstruction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jyoti Sadakal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pattern and Determinants of Nutritional Anemia Among Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years Attending the Pediatric Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Nutritional anemia is one of the most common public health problems among under-five children, particularly in developing countries. It adversely affects physical growth, cognitive development, immunity, and overall child health. Early identification of the pattern and determinants of anemia is essential for effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 150 children aged 6 months to 5 years attending the Pediatric Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, feeding practices, nutritional status, and clinical history were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Hemoglobin estimation and complete blood count were performed for all participants. Severity and morphological pattern of anemia were assessed according to WHO criteria. Results: The prevalence of nutritional anemia was found to be 64.0%. Moderate anemia (47.9%) was the most common severity pattern, while microcytic hypochromic anemia (66.7%) was the predominant morphological type. Significant association of anemia was observed with malnutrition (p<0.001), delayed complementary feeding (p<0.001), absence of exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.002), low socioeconomic status (p<0.001), poor maternal education (p<0.001), and recurrent infections (p=0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional anemia remains highly prevalent among under-five children and is strongly associated with nutritional, socioeconomic, and feeding-related factors. Keywords: Nutritional anemia, Under-five children, Iron deficiency anemia, Feeding practices, Malnutrition
Copyright (c) 2026 Rathod B https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Regulatory policy of Private Medical Establishments: A Case Study of Karnataka (Amendment) Bill 2017
The Karnataka Private Medical Establishments Act was passed in 2007 to "to bring a comprehensive legislation in place of the Karnataka Private Nursing Home (Regulation) Act, 1976" that will be the legal control over private medical establishments (PMEs) in the State. Among other things, the Bill made the registration of PMEs mandatory and laid down guidelines to ensure their quality. Hence to protect the interests of people as well as doctors maintaining ethical standards, government introduced an amendment to original K.P.M.E Act., which aims to regulate private medical establishments to tackle the challenge of information asymmetry and to make healthcare market patients centric.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prabhat Sunil Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of Hypothermia on Respiratory Distress In Neonates
Neonatal hypothermia is a global concern linked to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Defined by the WHO as a body temperature below 36.5°C, hypothermia is a preventable condition that can lead to severe complications, including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Objective: To assess the association between hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates, evaluate the prevalence of hypothermia, and analyze its impact on RDS severity. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted over one year in the NICU of a tertiary care center. Neonates with gestational ages between 24 and 42 weeks and diagnosed with hypothermia (body temperature <36.5°C) were included. Statistical analysis was focused on the association between hypothermia and RDS severity. Results: Out of 100 neonates, 55% were male, and 60% were born to primiparous mothers. Hypothermia was present in 50% of neonates, and RDS was observed in 55%. Among neonates with hypothermia, 40% experienced severe RDS, while no severe RDS was observed in non-hypothermic neonates (p < 0.01). Hypothermic neonates also showed lower mean oxygen saturation (85%) compared to normothermic neonates (97%), with improvement after rewarming. The association between hypothermia and RDS severity was statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypothermia significantly impacts the severity of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates, emphasizing the need for early detection and proper thermal management in NICUs. Addressing hypothermia can reduce RDS severity and improve neonatal outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Aishwarya Puranik, Dr. Vahadane S. R., Dr. Dharma M. B., Dr. Vishnu Kadam, Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Carcinoma of Breast with Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A rare challenging entity
Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC), another name for breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, is a heterogeneous collection of uncommon tumors that make about 2-5% of all invasive breast carcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originate in neuroendocrine cells. These cells combine the characteristics of endocrine cells, which produce hormones, and nerve cells. We report a rare case of carcinoma of breast with neuroendocrine differentiation. On microscopy the section of breast tumour specimen showed infiltrating duct carcinoma with area of 50% neuroendocrine differentiation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Neha Rajput, Dr. S. C. Puranik, Dr. S. H. Khaparde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anencephaly: Prenatal Ultrasonographic Features and Preventive Strategies – A Case Report
Anencephaly is a severe congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. We report a case of 27-year-old woman, diagnosed at 17 weeks and 6 days gestation during her first obstetric ultrasound. The scan revealed characteristic findings of anencephaly, including absent cranial bones, brain tissue, and polyhydramnios. No family history of birth defects or miscarriages was reported. Preventive measures such as preconception folic acid supplementation are crucial, reducing NTD risk by up to 70%. The fetus was aborted, and post-abortion imaging confirmed the diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Shradha Bangad, Dr. Sushil Kachewar, Dr. Saad Shaikh, Dr. Pragati Jain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of atDCS versus ctDCS on hand function in stroke- A Systematic Review
Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults in industrialized countries. More than 60% of Stroke survivors suffer from persistent neurological deficits that impair their activities of daily living (i.e. dressing, eating, self-care and personal hygiene). This present systematic review is aimed to explore the literature-related to studies conducted on patients with Stroke concerning of specific study design, recovery stage of patient, patient distribution in the study, intensity of current used in treatment, duration of treatment intervention, frequency of treatment intervention, outcome measures used in the study, mechanism of improvement and conclusion. Methodology: PubMed databases were searched to identify eligible studies using the keywords Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation, stroke and hand function. Only Randomized Clinical trial published in the last 10 years (2013-2023) were included in this review. Results: Eight studies were included in the review conducted on the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hand function in stroke patients. All studies investigated Functional recovery over a longer period using different outcome measures like Action Research Arm Test, Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, 9hole pegboard test with different follow-up times from 1day to 2 weeks It was found that there was significant improvement in tDCS group in most of the studies. Conclusion: This review concludes that in 2 out of 8 randomized clinical trial anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) showed more improvement than other groups and 5 out of 8 studies conclude that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) is more effective than other group.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Sumeet S. Chikkale, Dr. Suvarna S. Ganvir, Dr. Maheshwari Harishchandre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of EMG Biofeedback to Improve Ankle Dorsiflexion in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
Background: Stroke, results in some form of residual deficits even after recovery. Patients face difficulty in ambulating, probably because of reduced ankle dorsiflexion. Present systematic review aims to explore the literature-related to studies conducted on patients with Stroke for the effectiveness of electromyography biofeedback (EMG BF) therapy in the treatment of ankle dorsiflexion. Methodology: This study included nine randomised trials, all including patients who developed stroke after an episode of acute Ischemic infract. Use of databases Google Scholar, PubMed and CINHAL full text was done. Results: EMG muscle activity also showed improvement in 3 out of 9 studies. This may be attributed to gradual weight bearing and improving in muscle activity over the period of time. Discussion: EMG BF is useful for improving motor functions and walking speed as well as increasing ROM and muscle activation maybe because new pathways are formed or previous cerebral and spinal pathways and networks are activated by the stimulation with feedback or remaining proprioceptive senses are regulated by visual and acoustic warnings. Conclusion: There is gradual weight bearing and improvement in muscle activity post EMG BFB over the period of time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Gaurav Toshniwal, Dr. Suvarna S. Ganvir, Dr. Maheshwari Harishchandre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Comparative Study on Knowledge and Attitude related to COVID-19 disease among general public residing in selected Urban and Rural areas
Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the larger family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, leading to infections, from the common cold, to more serious diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The main symptoms of COVID-19 have been identified as fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, shortness of breath, and dyspnoea. COVID-19 is characterized by rapid transmission, and can occur by close contact with an infected person. The details on the disease are evolving, by the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a public health emergency of international concern and called for the collaborative effort of all countries, to prevent its rapid spread. The aimed of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices related to Covid-19 among urban and rural population. Methodology: The study was conducted at selected urban and rural areas, by using Descriptive survey research design. Total 200 samples were selected by using non probability convenient sampling technique. The population for the present study were general public residing in selected urban and rural area. Results: assessment of knowledge regarding COVID-19, shows that 63% population in rural area had poor average knowledge and 89% had average knowledge about it. The 89% rural people had unfavorable attitude about covid 19, and 59% had neutral attitude seen in urban population. Conclusion: Result of level of knowledge and attitude regarding Covid-19 shows that urban people had good knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 than rural people.
Copyright (c) 2025 Swapnil Bhosale, Nitin Nirmal, Amit Kadu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effect of BMI on Endurance In Middle Aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross sectional study
Background: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is rising. The aim of this study was to determine the association of endurance performance among normal, overweight and obese middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To find out endurance in Normal, Overweight and Obese middle age patient with type 2 diabetes. Methodology: After getting the ethical approval, patients were screened and informed consent form was taken from them. To accomplish the aim, 60 patients with diabetes were taken in which 20 patients were taken in each group of Body Mass Index (BMI) i.e. normal, overweight & obese. The endurance was assessed by 6 min walk test and step test. Results: Distance covered is more in overweight as compared to normal and obese. Steps are decreased in obese followed by overweight and normal population. Conclusion: The study shows that there is no any correlation between the in the endurance test.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bhakti Kasat, Dr. Sana Salahuddin Rai, Dr. Gaurav Toshniwal, Dr. Suvarna S. Ganvir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction In Patients Treated At Tertiary Care Hospital – A Retrospective Study
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are ubiquitous around the world, and in India, they are the leading cause of long-term pain and disability, impacting millions of individuals. MSD prevalence among adults ranged from 6.92% to 76.8%. The main consequences of MSD are typically long-term pain, physical disability, loss of independence, reduced social interaction, and a decline in quality of life. Due to the increasing prevalence of musculoskeletal illnesses, a trend analysis was conducted to forecast future resource utilisation in the physiotherapy setting. Methodology: It was a Retrospective observational study conducted from Jan to June 2024 at tertiary care Hospital, Ahmednagar, India. Data of total 1070 patients who were suffering from various MSDs were taken and percentage of each condition was analysed accordingly in the study. Results: The present study was carried out to reflect the trends of patients with various musculoskeletal disorders underwent through physiotherapy treatment at tertiary care hospital. Results of study showed that, under non traumatic condition Low back pain (24%) was found to most common musculoskeletal disorder in rural setup while ACL or MCL Injury (29%) was most common under the traumatic conditions. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, musculoskeletal disorders are more prevalent in rural population with the highest trend of Low back pain and Lower limb fractures in non-traumatic and traumatic conditions respectively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Kanchan Joshi, Dr. Anushka Loharkar, Dr. Deepak B. Anap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Paediatric Ependymoma- A Rare Case Report
Ependymomas are rare central nervous system (CNS) tumours originating from ependymal cells lining the ventricles and spinal cord. This case report details a unique presentation of a sellar ependymoma in a 2-year-old male presenting with acute symptoms, including inability to walk and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large sellar and suprasellar mass causing hydrocephalus. The patient underwent a parieto-occipital craniotomy with complete tumour excision and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to manage hydrocephalus.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Rishab Singh Deo, Dr. V. G. Deshpande , Dr. G. B. Machale, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An orofaciodigital syndromes (OFDS) is a rare genetic disorder with diverse collection of abnormalities, mainly affecting the face, oral cavity and digits. Orofacial digital syndrome type II, also called the “Mohr syndrome” is a very rare subtype of OFDS. We report a case of 1-year-old male child presented to Paediatric outpatient department with complaints of syndactyly along with polydactyly associated with characteristic features of OFDS type II. Considering the overlapping clinical features, it is important to establish a correct diagnosis by distinguishing appropriate features.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Akshita Kansal, Dr. V. G. Deshpande , Dr. Poonam Patil, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Sunil Natha M haske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technology-enabled telemedicine is improving children's health worldwide. This article documents how paediatricians are using telemedicine to provide inpatient and outpatient care, patient and physician education, and research. It discusses the value of telemedicine in responding to crises and disasters and providing access to paediatric care to underserved and isolated communities. Legal issues, inadequate payment for services, cost and sustainability of technology, and lack of national technology infrastructure are some of the barriers to the development of telemedicine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akshita Kansal, Dr. Abhijeet Shinde, Dr. Kawade M. V., Dr. Vishnu Kadam, Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An Approach to Joint Pain in Paediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review
Joint pain in paediatric patients is a common but diagnostically challenging issue, with causes ranging from benign self-limiting conditions to serious diseases that may result in long-term disability. This review addresses a structured diagnostic approach to joint pain in children, covering infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic causes. Key diagnoses include septic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), Lyme arthritis, and malignancies such as leukaemia and osteosarcoma. A detailed history and physical examination are essential for identifying underlying conditions, distinguishing benign causes from emergencies. Infectious causes require urgent consideration, especially septic arthritis, which risks rapid joint destruction. Inflammatory conditions like JIA are common chronic arthritides in children and need timely referral for rheumatologic assessment. Malignancies and traumatic causes also warrant careful attention to avoid delayed diagnosis. Laboratory investigations—including complete blood counts, inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP), and autoantibodies (ANA and RF)—help support diagnoses. Imaging studies, particularly radiography, ultrasound, and MRI, are pivotal for assessing trauma, inflammation, and marrow involvement. Targeted approaches for specific conditions, such as joint aspiration in septic arthritis and serological testing for Lyme arthritis, are discussed. Advances in biomarkers, imaging, and biologic therapies—especially TNF inhibitors and interleukin blockers—are highlighted as emerging tools in diagnosing and managing paediatric joint pain, offering promising avenues for early diagnosis and personalised care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Neha Khadke, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske, Dr. Suresh Waydande https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Study of Clinical profile of Bronchiolitis at a Rural based Tertiary Care Hospital
Acute bronchiolitis is a common self-limiting lower respiratory tract infection primarily affecting infants and young children, with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) as the leading causative agent. Despite its significant burden on healthcare systems, data on clinical profiles in resource-limited settings are limited. Objectives: To study the clinical, radiological, and haematological profiles of bronchiolitis in children aged 2 months to 5 years presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on children aged 2 months to 5 years diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, radiological findings, and haematological parameters were collected and analysed. Results: The study included 100 children, with a mean age of 1 year. The highest incidence (50%) was observed in infants aged 2–6 months. A slight male predominance (55%) was noted. Fever and cough were present in all cases (100%), followed by wheezing (80%), difficulty breathing (70%), nasal congestion (70%), and cyanosis (10%). Radiological findings revealed hyperinflation in 70% of cases, peribronchial thickening in 40%, and patchy infiltrates in 30%. Haematological analysis showed a mean hemoglobin level of 10.5 ± 1.2 g/dL, total leukocyte counts of 11,000 ± 4,000 cells/?L, neutrophil percentage of 35 ± 25%, and lymphocyte percentage of 55 ± 10%. Lymphocytosis was observed in 60% of cases, leucocytosis in 40%, and elevated CRP levels in 30%. Conclusion: Bronchiolitis predominantly affects infants under 1 year, with a slight male predominance. Fever, cough, and wheezing are the most common clinical features. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to reducing complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Vivek Karad, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Dr. Sonal Nikam, Dr. Poonam Patil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Socio-Demographic Risk Factors Associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition In Children
Background: Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) remains a significant public health concern in India, particularly in Maharashtra, where malnutrition contributes to high child mortality rates. SAM is associated with delayed growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased susceptibility to infections. Despite government initiatives, its prevalence continues to rise, necessitating a deeper understanding of its socio-demographic and environmental determinants. Objective: This study aims to investigate socio-demographic, maternal, environmental, and nutritional risk factors associated with SAM among children aged 6–59 months in Maharashtra and to inform targeted interventions to reduce malnutrition prevalence. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 children diagnosed with SAM, using WHO diagnostic criteria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Variables analyzed included socio-demographic characteristics, maternal and child healthcare factors, environmental conditions, and nutritional practices. Results: The highest prevalence of SAM was observed in children aged 13–24 months (40%), coinciding with weaning and dietary transitions, followed by 6–12 months (30%). Male children (55%) were more affected than females (45%). A significant association was noted with higher birth order, as children with birth order greater than two comprised 50% of cases. Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was present in 60% of SAM cases, emphasizing the importance of maternal and neonatal health. Poor maternal healthcare was a critical contributor, with 60% of mothers lacking antepartum care and 70% lacking postnatal care. Maternal education played a pivotal role; 55% of affected children had illiterate mothers. Socioeconomic disparities were evident, as 70% of SAM cases occurred in lower socioeconomic classes. Conclusion: This study highlights the multifaceted determinants of SAM in Maharashtra, underscoring the need for interventions targeting vulnerable age groups, maternal education, and healthcare accessibility.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Niraj Lakhmawar, Dr. Abhijeet Shinde, Dr. Poonam Patil, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stem Cell Therapy - Current Scenario, Challenges and Future in India: A Review
This review paper explores the evolving landscape of stem cell therapy in India and globally. Key points included in this review are the historical development of stem cell therapy, diverse sources of stem cells, the current global landscape encompassing research, regenerative medicine, clinical trials, and ethical considerations. India's active involvement in stem cell research, government initiatives, and the cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells are highlighted. The paper discusses stem cell therapy's potential in addressing ALS, neuroinflammation, and COVID-19. It concludes by emphasizing the promising future of stem cell therapy, highlighting the need for robust clinical trials and ethical considerations. This concise overview provides insights into the state and potential of stem cell therapy in India and worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Amrut A. Swami, Dr. Anand R. Bhide, Dr. Katta Anuhya, Dr. Jillella Tharuni, Dr. Vishal M. Vyawahare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Microbes are all around us and play a significant role in both our overall health and the health of the planet. The interest in adding probiotics and prebiotics to nutritional goods has developed as a result of efforts to improve the internal microbial environment. Probiotic and prebiotic use and effectiveness should be supported by evidence-based medicine, just like with antibiotics. This clinical report's goal is to evaluate the medical applications of probiotics and prebiotics and to provide a summary of what is currently known regarding the health advantages of including them as dietary supplements in foods marketed to children, such as infant formula. The guidance in this report will help paediatric health care providers to make appropriate decisions regarding the usefulness and benefit of probiotics and prebiotics for their patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Hamza Solkar, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske, Dr. Sonal Shinde Nikam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Congenital Dentigerous cyst: A Rare Case Report
Dentigerous cysts comprise the second most common type of odontogenic cysts, after radicular cysts, representing nearly 20% of all the true jaw cysts. A vast majority of the dentigerous cysts are associated with impacted permanent teeth. We report a case of full term one day old male neonate, presented with an intraoral mass in the anterior sector of the mandible suggestive of Dentigerous cysts. Our case, which is a rare presentation of dentigerous cyst in a 1 day old neonate—the earliest case to be documented—points to the fact that the cyst may be manifested even before the eruption of the first permanent tooth, and can be actually associated with it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Rishabsingh Deo, Dr. Neha Khadke, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Neonatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Neonatal cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare disorder, associated with long-term neurological sequelae. Cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a focal or diffuse disruption of cerebral blood flow secondary to occlusion of cerebral veins and/or sinuses. The most commonly presented clinical manifestations were feeding difficulties, lethargy, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, and seizures. Here we report one such rare case of Neonatal Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis in a full-term male admitted to the NICU in view of respiratory distress due to meconium-stained liquor and cried immediately after birth. The baby had convulsions on day 5 of life, MRI Brain was done and reported as multifocal areas of diffusion on restriction and large areas of diffusion restriction involving various parts of brain. Subcutaneous low molecular heparin was started. There is limited literature describing outcomes: 60?80% of all infants have some neurological deficits; cognitive impairment is reported in 10?60%, and epilepsy in 30?40%.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Snehal S. Jagtap, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske, Dr. Suresh Waydande, Dr. Sushrut Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methylmalonic acidemia: A Rare Case Report from Rural India
Methylmalonic acidemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism, involving a defect in the conversion of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to succinyl-CoA. Patients typically present at the age of 1 month to 1 year since symptoms usually do not present themselves until proteins are added to the infant's diet. We report a case of 4.5-month-old male, was brought to the hospital by the relatives with a history of GTCS type of convulsions. Child suspected to have been diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism so workup for the same done and patient diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia. Many cases of inborn error of metabolism are asymptomatic and undetected. This case highlights the importance of considering methylmalonic academia in newborn screening program for early detection and timely intervention, which help to improve survival and prevent children from developmental and metabolic abnormalities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Neha Khadke, Dr. Abhijit Shinde, Prof. Dr. Sunil Natha Mhaske, Dr. Suresh Waydande https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality of life in patients with total knee replacement - A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The study is based on the Quality of life in patients operated with total knee replacement between 50 to 65 years. Total knee replacement is one of the common procedures performed globally and is considered cost-effective with excellent long-term survivorship. Although most patients have a favorable clinical outcome after TKR, several studies have reported that more than 20% of patients are dissatisfied with the outcome after the procedure. Therefore, measuring patients' Quality of life and their perception of the procedure is paramount to improving this procedure and increasing the proportion of patients who have successful outcomes and improved Quality of life. Methods: Patients operated with total knee replacement were included in the study and were screened with inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 20 individuals were assessed by using the Oxford knee score questionnaire, and their responses were noted. The result was found by descriptive statistical analysis. Result: On analysis using descriptive statistical analysis, the mean score of Oxford Knee Score is 30.95. Hence, the Quality of Life is considered fair in patients at 2 months after total knee replacement. Conclusion: From the results, we conclude that Quality of life remains fair in patients at 2 months after being operated with total knee replacement at a tertiary care hospital.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Shantanu Shirude, Dr. Deepak Anap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0